Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. It typically develops gradually and progresses through three stages: freezing, frozen, and thawing. During the freezing stage, individuals experience increasing pain and stiffness, leading to a significant reduction in shoulder mobility. In the frozen stage, the pain may subside, but the shoulder remains stiff and movement is severely restricted. Finally, in the thawing stage, the pain gradually diminishes, and shoulder mobility begins to improve.
Pain Reduction: Physical therapy employs various techniques, such as manual therapy, therapeutic exercises, and modalities (e.g., heat, cold), to alleviate pain associated with frozen shoulder. Therapists may use gentle stretching and mobilization techniques to relieve muscle tension and joint stiffness, providing relief from discomfort.
Improved Range of Motion: Frozen shoulder severely limits the shoulder’s range of motion. Physical therapy utilizes specific exercises and stretching techniques to gradually improve flexibility and increase the joint’s range of motion. These exercises are tailored to the individual’s condition and may include passive, active-assisted, and active range-of-motion exercises.
Strengthening and Stability: Physical therapy incorporates exercises to strengthen the muscles around the shoulder joint, enhancing stability and supporting proper alignment. Strengthening exercises improve muscle imbalances, which can contribute to shoulder pain and dysfunction. Increased strength helps restore normal shoulder mechanics and reduces the risk of future shoulder problems.
Functional Rehabilitation: Frozen shoulder can significantly impact daily activities, such as dressing, reaching overhead, or carrying objects. Physical therapy focuses on functional rehabilitation, teaching patients strategies and exercises to regain functional independence and improve quality of life.
Education and Self-Management: Physical therapists provide education on proper body mechanics, posture, and ergonomic modifications to minimize stress on the shoulder joint. They also guide patients on self-management techniques, such as home exercises, activity modification, and pain management strategies, to promote long-term recovery.
Length of Treatment: 60 minutes to 120 minutes
References:
Kelley MJ, Shaffer MA, Kuhn JE, et al. Frozen shoulder: evidence and a proposed model guiding rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013;43(5):352-361. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4398
Blanchard V, Barr S, Cerisola FL. The effectiveness of corticosteroid injections compared with physiotherapeutic interventions for adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2010;96(2):95-107. doi:10.1016/j.physio.2009.11.003
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